CVE-2026-54478: In NLnet Labs Unbound 1.18.0 up to and including 1.25.1, when Unbound listens on a 'proxy-protocol-port' inter

Routine

LOW 3.7REMOTEUPGRADE

CVE-2026-54478 is a low-severity flaw (CVSS 3.7) affecting unbound. Below: why it ranks where it does, which versions are affected, what to do, and the exact commands.

In NLnet Labs Unbound 1.18.0 up to and including 1.25.1, when Unbound listens on a 'proxy-protocol-port' interface with 'answer-cookie: yes', the RFC 9018 server-cookie SipHash is computed over the proxy's wire address instead of the PROXYv2-declared client. One server cookie obtained through a given proxy node therefore validates for every PROXYv2-declared source behind that node. On a UDP+proxy-protocol front, an off-path attacker can harvest o

Why this priority

Remotely exploitable, no login, no user action

A fixed release or distro patch exists.

Risk facts

CVSS score	3.7 (Low)
Attack vector	Network (remote)
Attack complexity	High
Privileges needed	None
User interaction	None
EPSS exploit chance	0.2% (top 86%)
CISA exploited list	No
Weakness	CWE-290
Published	2026-07-22
Last modified	2026-10-24

Publisher (CNA): NLnet Labs · Vendor: nlnetlabs

Last updated 2026-10-24 · Sources: CVE Program, NVD, CISA KEV, EPSS and vendor advisories · How we score

Am I affected?

Timeline

2026-07-22 14:17 UTCPublished CVE record published
2026-10-24 13:10 UTCUpdated Record last modified

nlnetlabs unbound UPGRADE

Affected: >= 1.18.0 and < 1.25.2

Fixed in: 1.25.2

Safe to downgrade to: a release before 1.18.0

1. Check installed version

apt-cache policy unbound || rpm -q unbound || unbound --version

2. UPGRADE to 1.25.2 (Debian / Ubuntu)

sudo apt update && sudo apt install --only-upgrade unbound

2. UPGRADE (RHEL / Amazon Linux / Fedora)

sudo dnf upgrade unbound

Note

Distros often backport fixes without changing the version number. Confirm with the distro advisory or changelog.

3. If no update is available yet, DOWNGRADE to a release before 1.18.0 (Debian / Ubuntu)

apt-cache madison unbound sudo apt install unbound=<VERSION_BEFORE_1.18.0> sudo apt-mark hold unbound

3. If no update is available yet, DOWNGRADE (RHEL / Amazon Linux / Fedora)

dnf --showduplicates list unbound sudo dnf downgrade unbound-<VERSION_BEFORE_1.18.0> sudo dnf versionlock add unbound

Downgrade risk

Downgrading can break dependent software and may reopen older bugs. Read the distro advisory first and test on a non-production host.

After downgrade

Restart the service, and keep the package held until a fixed release ships.

Verify at the official source NVD · CVE Program · Report a problem with this page
Scores and fixes here are computed automatically from those and other public sources. Confirm with the vendor advisory before changing production systems.

Quick answers

How do I fix CVE-2026-54478?

unbound: upgrade to 1.25.2. Exact commands for each OS are on this page.

Is CVE-2026-54478 being exploited?

CVE-2026-54478 is not on the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities list at the time of the last update. Check again, as this can change.

What does CVE-2026-54478 affect?

CVE-2026-54478 affects unbound. Severity is low (CVSS 3.7). In NLnet Labs Unbound 1.18.0 up to and including 1.25.1, when Unbound listens on a 'proxy-protocol-port' interface with 'answer-cookie: yes', the RFC 9018 server-cookie SipHash is computed over the proxy's wire address instead of the PROXYv

How urgent is CVE-2026-54478?

Priority 22/100. Remotely exploitable, no login, no user action

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References

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