CVE-2026-55991: In NLnet Labs Unbound 1.22.0 up to and including 1.25.1, a remote unauthenticated client can trigger a libngtc

Routine

MEDIUM 5.9REMOTEUPGRADE

CVE-2026-55991 is a medium-severity flaw (CVSS 5.9) affecting unbound. Below: why it ranks where it does, which versions are affected, what to do, and the exact commands.

In NLnet Labs Unbound 1.22.0 up to and including 1.25.1, a remote unauthenticated client can trigger a libngtcp2 assertion (if compiled with assertions on) and terminate the entire Unbound process using a single DNS-over-QUIC (DoQ) connection and one normal DNS query. This is caused by an erroneous error value passed to libngtcp2. When 'ngtcp2_conn_writev_stream()' returns 'NGTCP2_ERR_STREAM_DATA_BLOCKED', Unbound continues to call 'ngtcp2_ccerr_

Why this priority

Remotely exploitable, no login, no user action

A fixed release or distro patch exists.

Risk facts

CVSS score	5.9 (Medium)
Attack vector	Network (remote)
Attack complexity	High
Privileges needed	None
User interaction	None
EPSS exploit chance	0.4% (top 71%)
CISA exploited list	No
Weakness	CWE-195
Published	2026-07-22
Last modified	2026-10-24

Publisher (CNA): NLnet Labs · Vendor: nlnetlabs

Last updated 2026-10-24 · Sources: CVE Program, NVD, CISA KEV, EPSS and vendor advisories · How we score

Am I affected?

Timeline

2026-07-22 14:17 UTCPublished CVE record published
2026-10-24 13:10 UTCUpdated Record last modified

nlnetlabs unbound UPGRADE

Affected: >= 1.22.0 and < 1.25.2

Fixed in: 1.25.2

Safe to downgrade to: a release before 1.22.0

1. Check installed version

apt-cache policy unbound || rpm -q unbound || unbound --version

2. UPGRADE to 1.25.2 (Debian / Ubuntu)

sudo apt update && sudo apt install --only-upgrade unbound

2. UPGRADE (RHEL / Amazon Linux / Fedora)

sudo dnf upgrade unbound

Note

Distros often backport fixes without changing the version number. Confirm with the distro advisory or changelog.

3. If no update is available yet, DOWNGRADE to a release before 1.22.0 (Debian / Ubuntu)

apt-cache madison unbound sudo apt install unbound=<VERSION_BEFORE_1.22.0> sudo apt-mark hold unbound

3. If no update is available yet, DOWNGRADE (RHEL / Amazon Linux / Fedora)

dnf --showduplicates list unbound sudo dnf downgrade unbound-<VERSION_BEFORE_1.22.0> sudo dnf versionlock add unbound

Downgrade risk

Downgrading can break dependent software and may reopen older bugs. Read the distro advisory first and test on a non-production host.

After downgrade

Restart the service, and keep the package held until a fixed release ships.

Exact fixes by distribution

Fedora 46 · sugar-calculator · FIXED · 47-14.fc46 · FEDORA-2026-38eeb9e279 · source

sudo dnf upgrade --advisory=FEDORA-2026-38eeb9e279

Fedora ELN · selinux-policy · FIXED · 45.23-1.eln159 · FEDORA-2026-3668c969a2 · source

sudo dnf upgrade --advisory=FEDORA-2026-3668c969a2

Debian 12 · unbound · NO FIX YET

Debian 13 · unbound · FIXED · 1.26.1-0+deb13u1

sudo apt update && sudo apt install --only-upgrade unbound dpkg --compare-versions "$(dpkg-query -W -f='${Version}' unbound)" ge "1.26.1-0+deb13u1" && echo PATCHED || echo STILL-VULNERABLE

RHEL 10 · unbound · DEFERRED

RHEL 6 · unbound · NOT AFFECTED

RHEL 7 · unbound · NOT AFFECTED

RHEL 8 · unbound · NOT AFFECTED

RHEL 9 · unbound · DEFERRED

Alpine 3.22 · unbound · NOT AFFECTED

Alpine 3.23 · unbound · NOT AFFECTED

Alpine 3.24 · unbound · NOT AFFECTED

Verify at the official source NVD · CVE Program · Report a problem with this page
Scores and fixes here are computed automatically from those and other public sources. Confirm with the vendor advisory before changing production systems.

Quick answers

How do I fix CVE-2026-55991?

unbound: upgrade to 1.25.2. Exact commands for each OS are on this page.

Is CVE-2026-55991 being exploited?

CVE-2026-55991 is not on the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities list at the time of the last update. Check again, as this can change.

What does CVE-2026-55991 affect?

CVE-2026-55991 affects unbound. Severity is medium (CVSS 5.9). In NLnet Labs Unbound 1.22.0 up to and including 1.25.1, a remote unauthenticated client can trigger a libngtcp2 assertion (if compiled with assertions on) and terminate the entire Unbound process using a single DNS-over-QUIC (DoQ) connecti

How urgent is CVE-2026-55991?

Priority 33/100. Remotely exploitable, no login, no user action

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References

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