CVE-2026-111225: Netgate pfSense CE 2.5.0 through 2.9.0 contains an OS command injection vulnerability in openvpn.learn-address

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MEDIUM 5.0UPGRADE

CVE-2026-111225 is a medium-severity flaw (CVSS 5.0) affecting pfsense. Below: why it ranks where it does, which versions are affected, what to do, and the exact commands.

Netgate pfSense CE 2.5.0 through 2.9.0 contains an OS command injection vulnerability in openvpn.learn-address.sh that allows authenticated VPN clients to execute commands as the unbound user. Attackers can embed shell metacharacters in the certificate common name or username, which is interpolated unquoted into su -c strings, when DNS Resolver client registration is enabled.

Why this priority

EPSS top 7%: very likely to be exploited

A fixed release or distro patch exists.

Risk facts

CVSS score	5.0 (Medium)
Attack vector	Network (remote)
Attack complexity	High
Privileges needed	Low
User interaction	None
EPSS exploit chance	6.2% (top 7%)
CISA exploited list	No
Weakness	CWE-78
Published	2026-10-15
Last modified	2026-10-19

Publisher (CNA): VulnCheck · Vendor: pfsense

Last updated 2026-10-19 · Sources: CVE Program, NVD, CISA KEV, EPSS and vendor advisories · How we score

Am I affected?

Timeline

2026-10-15 19:17 UTCPublished CVE record published
2026-10-19 20:43 UTCUpdated Record last modified

pfsense pfsense UPGRADE

Affected: >= 2.5.0 and <= 2.9.0

Fixed in: newer than 2.9.0

Safe to downgrade to: a release before 2.5.0

1. Check installed version

apt-cache policy pfsense || rpm -q pfsense || pfsense --version

2. UPGRADE to newer than 2.9.0 (Debian / Ubuntu)

sudo apt update && sudo apt install --only-upgrade pfsense

2. UPGRADE (RHEL / Amazon Linux / Fedora)

sudo dnf upgrade pfsense

Note

Distros often backport fixes without changing the version number. Confirm with the distro advisory or changelog.

3. If no update is available yet, DOWNGRADE to a release before 2.5.0 (Debian / Ubuntu)

apt-cache madison pfsense sudo apt install pfsense=<VERSION_BEFORE_2.5.0> sudo apt-mark hold pfsense

3. If no update is available yet, DOWNGRADE (RHEL / Amazon Linux / Fedora)

dnf --showduplicates list pfsense sudo dnf downgrade pfsense-<VERSION_BEFORE_2.5.0> sudo dnf versionlock add pfsense

Downgrade risk

Downgrading can break dependent software and may reopen older bugs. Read the distro advisory first and test on a non-production host.

After downgrade

Restart the service, and keep the package held until a fixed release ships.

Verify at the official source NVD · CVE Program · Report a problem with this page
Scores and fixes here are computed automatically from those and other public sources. Confirm with the vendor advisory before changing production systems.

Quick answers

How do I fix CVE-2026-111225?

pfsense: upgrade to newer than 2.9.0. Exact commands for each OS are on this page.

Is CVE-2026-111225 being exploited?

CVE-2026-111225 is not on the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities list at the time of the last update. Check again, as this can change.

What does CVE-2026-111225 affect?

CVE-2026-111225 affects pfsense. Severity is medium (CVSS 5.0). Netgate pfSense CE 2.5.0 through 2.9.0 contains an OS command injection vulnerability in openvpn.learn-address.sh that allows authenticated VPN clients to execute commands as the unbound user. Attackers can embed shell metacharacters in the

How urgent is CVE-2026-111225?

Priority 41/100. EPSS top 7%: very likely to be exploited

Software pages

OpenVPN vulnerabilities · pfSense and OPNsense vulnerabilities

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References

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